Blood Sugar Levels While Pregnant What Is Normal

Frequently Asked Questions QUESTION: why is it important for kidney dialysis patients to not have saturated fat? Coconut oil? Is extra virgin coconut oil (a medium chain saturated fat) exceptable? I read that virgin coconut oil helps with heart & kidney protection & control diabetic insulin levels. I read this in Bruce Fife’s book “The coconut oil miracle” Bruce Fife is certified nutritionist & naturopathic doctor. I get a lot of confict reading on the coconut oil & kidney dialysis patients diet subject, I have read coconut oil should be avoided as it is a saturated fat but it is different as medium chain fatty acid & was not properly researched in virgin form in earlier nutritional study articles, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) even included coconut oil on its exclusive GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) list. Below are the conflicting articles I read virgin coconut oil lowers cholesterol ANSWER: Dialysis patients should follow a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. Thesepatients are considered the group at greatest risk for development of coronary artery disease. They often have increases in serum triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Although they must eat a relatively high-calorie diet to spare protein, patients on dialysis should avoid foods that raise triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations. I cannot stress enough how important it is for dialysis patients to eat right. This would have been part of the patient teaching when it was decided for you to be on dialysis. UPDATE: Thank you Gary B. for pointing out the facts. Listen, you are on dialysis. What more do you need to know about taking care of yourself? There are things dialysis patients should not eat because of increased risk factors of not only during dialysis and your health in general, but also but also complications due to your KIDNEY FAILURE! If you choose to listen to QUAKS like Gary B. says, then you too are also the failure. I’m sure this neuro-whateverdoctor knows what he’s talking about. Ignore the true experts….. Consider the credibility of your sources. QUESTION: Why is there no LOW PROTEIN section in Food Store for CKD patients? I have CKD (chronic kidney disease) and find it difficult to find food items with no or very low protein in grocery stores. Most people are unaware they have CKD untill its too late. A simple blood test, Creatinine and BUN, will indicate CKD if repeatedly elivated. Also, Protein in your urine is a disclosing factor, although extreme exercise can show a trace of protein in your urine.An ultra low protein diet can help delay or avoid dialysis. Nobody seems to know this!! ANSWER: There is a low protein section – it’s called fruit and produce. Other wise just read the nutrition labels. If you are not sure how to read the labels or what to do with the information, make an appointment with a dietician. QUESTION: I am a kidney patient for past 7 yrs, 31 yrs old. Due to high dose of medicine and restricted dietsuffering? with severe gum bleeding and gum swelling. Teeth are becoming loose and drifting apart. Tried all dental treatments but no cure. Any suggestion to overcome this problem unable to eat or chew any hard food too. Suffering with Gingivitis and pyria gum disease. Pls help. ANSWER: Your problems need to be treated medically because the problem is with your bones themselves, not your teeth per se. I too am a kidney dialysis patient and my nephrologist has prescribed several medications for my bones. I’m on Zemplar and Sensipar and my doctor has just added Fosamax for my bones because I now have more problems with my bones and teeth caused by my kidney failure. See your nephrologist as soon as possible. Before I was diagnosed, I had all of the symptoms with my teeth that you have described, but now all of that has abated with treatment. QUESTION: How can I make this possible? I am a 26-year-old female who is very seriously considering going the “Vegan route” in the near future.Here’s the problem: I am a peritoneal dialysis patient. (For those of you who are not familiar with the medical term/disease, I suffer from kidney failure and have to use a glucose-based solution to filter toxins from my body.) As a P.D. patient, my diet MUST consist of high protein, low phosphorus, and potassium rich foods. Could anyone suggest some possible menu items I could eat that with satisfy my dietary requirements? Any response you could provide will be greatly appreciated. Thank you. JUST TO BE CLEAR, I AM IN NEED OF A PROTEIN AND POTASSIUM-RICH VEGAN DIET. I AM NOT ASKING FOR A DIALYSIS-BASED DIET. THANKS! ANSWER: I would recommend that you get in touch with PCRM (Physician’s Committee for Responsible Medicine) as they did a research study on this a few years ago. I’m sure they’d have some good advice for you. Here is their contact info: 202-686-2210, ext. 395; nutrition@pcrm.org QUESTION: Medical Benefits of Ramadan ? Medical Benefits of Ramadan by Shahid Athar, M.D. MostMuslims do not fast because of medical benefits but because it has been ordained to them in the Quran. The medical benefits of fasting are as a result of fasting. Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical reasons including weight management, for rest of the digestive tract and for lowering lipids. There are many adverse effects of total fasting as well as so-called crash diets. Islamic fasting is different from such diet plans because in Ramadan fasting, there is no malnutrition or inadequate calorie intake. The caloric intake of Muslims during Ramadan is at or slightly below the national requirement guidelines. In addition, the fasting in Ramadan is voluntarily taken and is not a prescribed imposition from the physician. Ramadan is a month of self-regulation and self-training, with the hope that this training will last beyond the end of Ramadan. If the lessons learned during Ramadan, whether in terms of dietary intake or righteousness, are carried on after Ramadan, itis beneficial for one’s entire life. Moreover, the type of food taken during Ramadan does not have any selective criteria of crash diets such as those which are protein only or fruit only type diets. Everything that is permissible is taken in moderate quantities. The only difference between Ramadan and total fasting is the timing of the food; during Ramadan, we basically miss lunch and take an early breakfast and do not eat until dusk. Abstinence from water during this period is not bad at all and in fact, it causes concentration of all fluids within the body, producing slight dehydration. The body has its own water conservation mechanism; in fact, it has been shown that slight dehydration and water conservation, at least in plant life, improve their longevity. The physiological effect of fasting includes lower of blood sugar, lowering of cholesterol and lowering of the systolic blood pressure. In fact, Ramadan fasting would be an ideal recommendation for treatment of mild to moderate,stable, non-insulin diabetes, obesity and essential hypertension. In 1994 the first International Congress on “Health and Ramadan”, held in Casablanca, entered 50 research papers from all over the world, from Muslim and non-Muslim researchers who have done extensive studies on the medical ethics of fasting. While improvement in many medical conditions was noted; however, in no way did fasting worsen any patients’ health or baseline medical condition. On the other hand, patients who are suffering from severe diseases, whether diabetes or coronary artery disease, kidney stones, etc., are exempt from fasting and should not try to fast. There are psychological effects of fasting as well. There is a peace and tranquility for those who fast during the month of Ramadan. Personal hostility is at a minimum, and the crime rate decreases. Muslims take advice from the Prophet who said, “If one slanders you or aggresses against you, say I am fasting.’” This psychological improvement could berelated to better stabilization of blood glucose during fasting as hypoglycemia after eating, aggravates behavior changes. There is a beneficial effect of extra prayer at night. This not only helps with better utilization of food but also helps in output. There are 10 extra calories output for each rikat of the prayer. Again, we do not do prayers for exercise, but a mild movement of the joints with extra calorie utilization is a better form of exercise. Similarly, recitation of the Quran not only produces a tranquility of heart and mind, but improves the memory. Therefore, I encourage my Muslim patients to fast in the month of Ramadan, but they must do it under medical supervision. Healthy adult Muslims should not fear becoming weak by fasting, but instead it should improve their health and stamina. ANSWER: That was very interesting. I worked for four years in an Elementary school as an EMT. We had many Muslim students. Being children they spent a lot of time in my office during theirlunch hour complaining they were hungry and or had headaches. I felt for them, after all they are just children and felt embarrassed in front of their peers. It was very rare that any student was happy with the idea of fasting – but they all survived. As a Catholic, I too have days of fasting and it drives my kids crazy. They too survive. QUESTION: Would anyone like to read these paragraphs on the kidney and then answer 4 questions about it? It is the job of the kidney to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. Body fluids include the extracellular fluid (ECF, the blood plasma) and the intracellular fluid (ICF, inside body cells). Regulating these fluids requires that the kidney conserves (keeps) or eliminates (discards) materials in just the right amounts to balance intakes and non-renal losses to maintain body fluid homeostasis. The mechanism of kidney function is a 2-step process. First, the blood is filtered through the glomerulus, forming glomerular filtrate. Second,the filtered fluid is conditioned in the tubule through reabsorption of some chemicals and secretion of others. The final product is urine, a solution that normally contains water, salt, urea and other substances the body needs to eliminate. The kidney responds to body demands and conditions by changing how much of each material is conserved and how much eliminated, so the volume and composition of urine are quite variable, while the volume and composition of the ECF remains constant. The problem in maintaining constancy in body fluids is that changes caused by eating, drinking, body demands, and activity are very irregular and unpredictable. Even so, the chemical composition of the blood and other body fluids must remain very constant for the body to function normally. The kidneys have the major responsibility for maintaining body fluid homeostasis no matter what the individual eats,drinks, or does. The solution to the problem is to rapidly turn over the body fluids by glomerularfiltration and tubular reabsorption, continually filtering and monitoring the plasma for changes that require correction. The adult kidney filters 170 liters of blood plasma per day. An average adult has a plasma volume of about 3.5 liters, meaning that the kidney completely filters the plasma about 48 times per day, or twice per hour! Obviously, all of the material filtered by the kidney cannot be excreted, so the second step in normal kidney function is to selectively recover the parts of the filtrate that are necessary and useful to the body. During the process of selective reabsorption, some substances (like glucose) are completely recovered from the urine and other substances (like urea) remain to be eliminated. The composition of normal urine is highly variable because our diet and level of activity are highly variable. However, abnormal urine may contain substances that are never present in normal urine. Sometimes the presence of a substance may indicate a great excess in thebody, so that the kidney can’t reabsorb it all. If the kidney is diseased, substances that should not be the urine may be present. Depending on what and how much of various substances are present, a physician may be able to determine what’s wrong with a patient. Urinalysis tests for the presence or absence of different substances, so that a physician can analyze the results to find out what’s wrong with the patient. 1. Why does the volume and color of urine produced by the kidneys vary so much? 2. Why does urine always contain urea? 3. Why are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron? 4. Why can’t the kidney just excrete the filtered plasma without adjusting its content? ANSWER: 1. Volume and color of urine vary because the body needs to stay in homeostasis. If there is an abundance of fluids, the body will filter out what it doesn’t need, and the urine is more diluted. If there are not enough fluids, the body will conserve water (pump out ADH hormone) and keep recycling itthrough the blood, and therefore the urine is darker in color and lower in volume. 2. Urea is produced when the liver breaks down amino acids or ammonia. Urea has a lot of nitrogen, which must be expelled from the body by the kidneys in order to maintain homeostasis. 3. Although small amounts of glucose leave the body through urine, glucose and amino acids are usually put back into the blood so they can be permeated by body cells. If glucose is present in urine in large amounts, the individual probably has diabetes mellitus. Too little glucose in blood can lead to hypoglycemia. Glucose is released into the blood by a sodium transporter. 4. Once again, the kidneys need to keep homeostasis in the body. Blood pH needs to be between 7.35 and 7.45 so any variations could cause major problems. “Filtering and monitoring plasma for changes that require correction.” QUESTION: Need some recipes for patient who can not have any salt, meat, artificial chemical in her diet.? She has diagnosis ofheart disease, kidney and liver problems, artery calcification, osteoporosis, etc. ANSWER: May want to go with organic fruits and vegetables. Fruits that are high in potassium. Steam or stir fry vegetables. May try Silken soy milk for the calcium. Use Mrs. Dash seasonings,lemon and lime juice, flavored vinegars. American Heart Association has a low sodium cook book. QUESTION: what is future of 63yrs old CKD-V patient ? My father is suffering from chronic kidney disease for last 02yrs and under dialysis. what is his future and what should be his pattern of life and diet? please suggest ANSWER: He can still lead his normal life, just with some modifications. His Health care provider should be giving him information on different things, mainly to do with diet restrictions. He will probably have to limit his fluid intake (because most of the fluid he takes in will only be taken off by dialysis), and change some eating habits. He is still young and can have a great life ahead of him if heworks at taking care of his body! Good luck. QUESTION: For Girls: Is it true……………? that the natural smell of a male body is far more sexually potent than the deodorant he uses to mask it? DID YOU know that the odour of your man’s body is probably what makes you want to touch him? You may scoff at the idea, especially since there is such a plethora of products to disguise this- deodorants, body washes and creams. But the reality is that the natural, unscented smell of a male body and sweat is far more sexually potent than the Axe spray he applies to mask it! According to a study by the UK-based Social Issues Research Centre, females often get attracted to the scent of male sweat. Our bodies release certain chemical substances, called pheromones that are sensed through the nose and trigger sexual urges in prospective partners. These are secreted by sweat glands largely present in underarms, nipples, genitals, and outer ears.” Body odour often influences a partner’s sexual behaviour andwomen are more receptive to it,” says Dr ( Col) V K Wadia, consultant, psychosexual medicine. ” During a sexual intercourse, specific odours are secreted by men and it’s a woman’s perception how she gets influenced by them,” he adds. Not only is body odour significant in sexual behaviour, it plays a decisive role in mate choice as well. “Men and women tend to prefer the odour of individuals who are genetically dissimilar to them,” says Dr Anoop Misra, director, department of diabetes and metabolic diseases, Fortis Hospital. This reduces the chances of inbreeding and renders offspring more resistant to diseases and infections. However, odour preferences can vary according to hormonal changes. “Studies say that women often prefer the odour of men with good parenting skills in the ‘fertile period’ or the postmenstrual phase,” says Dr Misra. ON THE other hand, men find women more attractive during ovulation. This is mainly due to the specific odour of women in that period. It has also beenfound that women who are emotionally bonded with their partners perceive the odour of other men less pleasant. So, what makes our odour so specific? Usually when we perspire, sweat reacts with bacteria present on our skin. This releases some chemicals, hence causing body odour. But it’s not just an outcome of sweat. “All of us have a signature odour. This uniqueness is marked by genetics, diet, age, gender, hormones, and environmental factors,” says Dr Sushila Kataria, senior consultant, internal medicine, Medanta – The Medicity. This explains why babies smell different from adults, and how odour changes with the onset of puberty. This also explains why some of us have specific unpleasant odours. Bad breath or strong sweat can be a sign of underlying physical problems. “Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis can have a fruity odour in their breath and skin,” says Dr Misra. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a condition of excessively high blood sugar level that leads to formation of chemicalsubstances called ketone bodies. Their presence causes the typical smell. The best way to prevent is to keep one’s blood sugar levels in control. “In case of chronic kidney problem, or dysfunctional kidneys, the patient’s body odour may resemble that of ammonia. This is because such patients retain more wastes or urea in the blood, that spreads to skin and evaporates with sweat,” says Prof ( Dr) S C Tiwari, director, nephrology, Fortis Group of Hospitals. Moreover, a musty odour in hair, breath or skin could be a sign of a genetic disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU). Left untreated in early childhood, it could lead to mental retardation or brain damage later. “Similarly, bad breath could be a symptom of non-healing ulcers in the throat, lungs or respiratory tract,” points out Manoj K Goel, director, pulmonology, Delhi Heart and Lung Institute. Bad breath could also be sign of bacterial pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. “Cough accompanied by foul smell may be a symptom of lungabscess. Such infections pose immense risks as these could result in cancer if left unattended,” he cautions. ANSWER: I get aroused by the smell of a really good cologne! QUESTION: Anyone in the mood to read & answer 4 questions about it? It is the job of the kidney to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. Body fluids include the extracellular fluid (ECF, the blood plasma) and the intracellular fluid (ICF, inside body cells). Regulating these fluids requires that the kidney conserves (keeps) or eliminates (discards) materials in just the right amounts to balance intakes and non-renal losses to maintain body fluid homeostasis. The mechanism of kidney function is a 2-step process. First, the blood is filtered through the glomerulus, forming glomerular filtrate. Second, the filtered fluid is conditioned in the tubule through reabsorption of some chemicals and secretion of others. The final product is urine, a solution that normally contains water, salt, urea and othersubstances the body needs to eliminate. The kidney responds to body demands and conditions by changing how much of each material is conserved and how much eliminated, so the volume and composition of urine are quite variable, while the volume and composition of the ECF remains constant. The problem in maintaining constancy in body fluids is that changes caused by eating, drinking, body demands, and activity are very irregular and unpredictable. Even so, the chemical composition of the blood and other body fluids must remain very constant for the body to function normally. The kidneys have the major responsibility for maintaining body fluid homeostasis no matter what the individual eats,drinks, or does. The solution to the problem is to rapidly turn over the body fluids by glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, continually filtering and monitoring the plasma for changes that require correction. The adult kidney filters 170 liters of blood plasma per day. An average adult has aplasma volume of about 3.5 liters, meaning that the kidney completely filters the plasma about 48 times per day, or twice per hour! Obviously, all of the material filtered by the kidney cannot be excreted, so the second step in normal kidney function is to selectively recover the parts of the filtrate that are necessary and useful to the body. During the process of selective reabsorption, some substances (like glucose) are completely recovered from the urine and other substances (like urea) remain to be eliminated. The composition of normal urine is highly variable because our diet and level of activity are highly variable. However, abnormal urine may contain substances that are never present in normal urine. Sometimes the presence of a substance may indicate a great excess in the body, so that the kidney can’t reabsorb it all. If the kidney is diseased, substances that should not be the urine may be present. Depending on what and how much of various substances are present, a physicianmay be able to determine what’s wrong with a patient. Urinalysis tests for the presence or absence of different substances, so that a physician can analyze the results to find out what’s wrong with the patient. 1. Why does the volume and color of urine produced by the kidneys vary so much? 2. Why does urine always contain urea? 3. Why are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron? 4. Why can’t the kidney just excrete the filtered plasma without adjusting its content ANSWER: If this is your homework. Do it yourself. QUESTION: A reading on anatomy 4 questions? It is the job of the kidney to regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. Body fluids include the extracellular fluid (ECF, the blood plasma) and the intracellular fluid (ICF, inside body cells). Regulating these fluids requires that the kidney conserves (keeps) or eliminates (discards) materials in just the right amounts to balance intakes and non-renal losses to maintain body fluid homeostasis. The mechanism ofkidney function is a 2-step process. First, the blood is filtered through the glomerulus, forming glomerular filtrate. Second, the filtered fluid is conditioned in the tubule through reabsorption of some chemicals and secretion of others. The final product is urine, a solution that normally contains water, salt, urea and other substances the body needs to eliminate. The kidney responds to body demands and conditions by changing how much of each material is conserved and how much eliminated, so the volume and composition of urine are quite variable, while the volume and composition of the ECF remains constant. The problem in maintaining constancy in body fluids is that changes caused by eating, drinking, body demands, and activity are very irregular and unpredictable. Even so, the chemical composition of the blood and other body fluids must remain very constant for the body to function normally. The kidneys have the major responsibility for maintaining body fluid homeostasis no matterwhat the individual eats,drinks, or does. The solution to the problem is to rapidly turn over the body fluids by glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, continually filtering and monitoring the plasma for changes that require correction. The adult kidney filters 170 liters of blood plasma per day. An average adult has a plasma volume of about 3.5 liters, meaning that the kidney completely filters the plasma about 48 times per day, or twice per hour! Obviously, all of the material filtered by the kidney cannot be excreted, so the second step in normal kidney function is to selectively recover the parts of the filtrate that are necessary and useful to the body. During the process of selective reabsorption, some substances (like glucose) are completely recovered from the urine and other substances (like urea) remain to be eliminated. The composition of normal urine is highly variable because our diet and level of activity are highly variable. However, abnormal urine may containsubstances that are never present in normal urine. Sometimes the presence of a substance may indicate a great excess in the body, so that the kidney can’t reabsorb it all. If the kidney is diseased, substances that should not be the urine may be present. Depending on what and how much of various substances are present, a physician may be able to determine what’s wrong with a patient. Urinalysis tests for the presence or absence of different substances, so that a physician can analyze the results to find out what’s wrong with the patient. 1. Why does the volume and color of urine produced by the kidneys vary so much? 2. Why does urine always contain urea? 3. Why are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the nephron? 4. Why can’t the kidney just excrete the filtered plasma without adjusting its content? ANSWER: QUESTION: What is left for me to say…..? I typed up a report on diabetes, it is supposed to be 6 pages dubble spaced, but now i don’t know what else to put, all i need is a half apage more. Thank you! Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. People with diabetes have problems using food for energy. After a meal, carbohydrates in food are broken down into a sugar called glucose, which is carried by the blood to cells throughout the body. Cells require insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas, to help use blood glucose for energy. People develop diabetes because the pancreas does not make enough insulin or because the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat do not respond to insulin properly, or both. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood increases while the cells are starved of energy. Prior to 1997, the type of diabetes typically diagnosed in young people was called juvenile diabetes or type 1. Diabetes emerging in adults was called adult-onset diabetes or type 2. Then in 1997, the official names of the types were changed to type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is the second most common chronic disease inchildren (after asthma). About 13,000 new cases are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. Patients with type 1 diabetes make up about 5 percent of all cases of diabetes. It most commonly appears in girls and boys when they are about 14 years old. Usually, type 1 diabetes is first diagnosed in children, teenagers, or young adults but it can occur at any age. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. As a result, the pancreas does not make insulin, a hormone which helps use blood sugar (glucose) for energy. The cells become starved of energy and there is an excess of glucose in the blood. People with Type 1 diabetes must have daily injections of insulin to live. Proper diet, exercise and home blood sugar monitoring are essential to manage the disease. Food and exercise must also be balanced because of the risk of hypoglycemia, low blood sugar, and hyperglycemia, high blood sugar. Both are life threateningconcerns. When hypoglycemia develops, cells are not getting enough glucose. Confusion, loss of consciousness, comma and death results when the brain is deprived of glucose for too long. Hyperglycemia and prolonged absence of insulin may lead to ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones in the blood when the body uses fat for energy instead of glucose. Ketones make the blood acidic and slow down all body functions. Like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia can also lead to comma and death. The only cure available today for type 1 diabetes is a pancreas transplant, which is rarely done. Because both pancreas transplants and kidney transplants require lifelong use of powerful drugs to suppress immune reactions that can reject the organs, pancreatic transplants are usually done to those with type 1 diabetes who also need a kidney transplant. The side effects of immune- suppressive drugs can be severe and even worse than the disease. One or two people out of every 10 who get the surgery die within ayear. Also the new pancreas is rejected by half of the people who get this operation. If the transplant fails, diabetes returns. Recently, experimental treatments with stem cells have shown some promise. For most people, type 1 diabetes is a life-long disease that can be effectively managed with insulin. Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes •Urinates frequently. The kidneys respond to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream by flushing out the extra glucose in urine. A child with diabetes needs to urinate more frequently and in larger volumes. •Is abnormally thirsty. Because the child is loosing so much fluid from peeing so much, he or she becomes very thirsty to help avoid becoming dehydrated. A child who has developed diabetes drinks a lot in an attempt to keep the level of body water normal. •Loses weight. (or fails to gain weight as he or she grows) in spite of a good appetite. Kids and teens who develop type 1 diabetes may have an increased appetite, but often lose weight. Thisis because the body breaks down muscle and stored fat in an attempt the provide fuel to the hungry cells. •Often feels tired. Because the body can’t use glucose for energy properly. But in some cases, other symptoms may be the signal that something is wrong. Sometimes the first sign of diabetes is bedwetting in a child who has been dry at night. The possibility of diabetes should also be suspected if a vaginal yeast infection (also called a Candida infection) occurs in a girl who hasn’t started puberty yet. If these early symptoms of diabetes aren’t recognized and treatment isn’t started, chemicals called ketones can build up in the child’s blood and cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fruity- smelling breath, breathing problems; even loss of consciousness. Sometimes these symptoms are mistaken f ANSWER: Watch out on using advice from yahoo answers if truthfulness is graded. While 80% of type 2′s are overweight, only 18% of obese people are diabetic. QUESTION: I Have Ornithinetranscarbamylase deficiency? i have Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC) and people tease me cause i cant explain it can some one give me an idea of how too explain this short? Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), the most common of the urea cycle disorders, is a rare metabolic disorder, occurring in one out of every 80,000 births. OTCD is a genetic disorder resulting in a mutated and ineffective form of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase. Like other urea cycle disorders, OTC affects the body’s ability to get rid of ammonia, a toxic breakdown product of the body’s use of protein. As a result, ammonia accumulates in the blood causing hyperammonemia. This ammonia travels to the various organs of the body. Another symptom of OTC is a buildup of orotic acid in the blood. This is due to an anapleurosis that occurs with carbamoyl phosphate entering the pyrimidine synthesis pathway. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency often becomes evident in the first few days of life,however it can present at middle age [a]. An infant with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency may be lacking in energy (lethargic) or unwilling to eat, and have poorly-controlled breathing rate or body temperature. Some babies with this disorder may experience seizures or unusual body movements, or go into a coma. In cases where OTC enzyme production is low or non-existent death can occur within the first days of life. Complications from ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency may include developmental delay and mental retardation. Progressive liver damage, skin lesions, and brittle hair may also be seen. Other symptoms include irrational behavior (caused by encephalitis), mood swings, and poor performance in school. In some affected individuals, signs and symptoms of ornithine transcarbamylase may be less severe, and may not appear until later in life. Some female carriers become symptomatic later in life in times of metabolic stress. This can happen as a result of anorexia,starvation, malnutrition, pregnancy or even (in at least one case) as a result of gastric bypass surgery. It is also possible for symptoms to be exacerbated by extreme trauma of many sorts, including, (at least in one case) adolescent pregnancy coupled with severe stomach flu. Mutations in the OTC gene cause ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency belongs to a class of genetic diseases called urea cycle disorders. The urea cycle is a sequence of reactions that occurs in liver cells. It processes excess nitrogen, generated when protein is used by the body, to make a compound called urea that is excreted by the kidneys. In ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, the enzyme that starts a specific reaction within the urea cycle is damaged or missing. The urea cycle cannot proceed normally, and nitrogen accumulates in the bloodstream in the form of ammonia. Ammonia is especially damaging to the nervous system, so ornithine transcarbamylase deficiencycauses neurological problems as well as eventual damage to the liver. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a number of different mutations. Since the gene is on the X chromosome, females are primarily carriers while males with nonconservative mutations rarely survive past 72 hours of birth. Half of those survivors die in the first month, and half of the remaining by age 5. Prognosis is less clear in cases of adult onset OTCD, as detection of the disease is almost universally post symptomatic Since the disease results in an inability to handle large amounts of nitrogen load, the treatment includes strategies to decrease the intake of nitrogen (low-protein diet), prevention of excessive body protein breakdown during acute illnesses (hydration and nutrition) and administration of medications scavenging nitrogen (sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate). Some patients may need to have supplemental amino acids (arginine, citrulline, valine,leucine, isoleucine). In cases where the OTC enzyme production is very low or non-existent and treatment consisting of low-protein diet and dietary supplementation are inadequate, liver transplant may become a treatment option. Help me explain this shortly ANSWER: You have a metabolic disorder that causes ammonia to build up in your blood, so you need to be careful about what you eat. QUESTION: Why in Malaysia the doctor don’t allow us to take vitamin and supplement? What do you thinks about this? What are vitamins? Vitamins are substances that your body needs to work properly and keep you in good health. Most vitamins cannot be made by the body, so they have to be provided by your diet in small regular amounts.1 Why do I need vitamins? Your body uses vitamins to do a number of things, including building and maintaining tissues and organs. Vitamins provide energy, boost the immune system, keep skin healthy and help keep the brain and nervous system in good working order.2 ImproveOverall Joint Health Without Using Pain Killers Reduces joint pain • Relieve pain caused by inflammation commonly arising from arthritis, joint injuries and everyday aches and pains Reduces inflammation and swelling • Uses potent, natural anti-inflammatory ingredients to reduce swelling Improves mobility • Improves blood circulation and reduces inflammation leading to increased mobility • Nourishes joints and speeds healing Safer for your liver, kidneys and stomach • A safe and effective alternative to traditional pain medications • Uses Boswellia – an herb with pain reducing benefits – as a safe and effective alternative to NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen) Buy Motion for your joint and muscle pain and inflammation …………………………………………………………………………………. DRUGS are chemicals that can prevent, prolong the life, treat other effects of a health condition, improve the quality of life, and/or cure ailments and diseases, or alter the function of any part or chemicals inside the body. Thesedrugs have approved therapeutic claims. Drug Side Effects A side effect is usually regarded as an undesirable secondary effect which occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect of a drug or medication. Side effects may vary for each individual depending on the person’s disease state, age, weight, gender, ethnicity and general health. Side effects can occur when commencing, decreasing/increasing dosages, or ending a drug or medication regimen. Side effects may also lead to non-compliance with prescribed treatment.Medication A medication or medicine is a drug taken to cure and/or ameliorate any symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may be used as preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms. (Redirected from Adverse effect (medicine)) In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a“side effect”, when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as “iatrogenic” because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause areversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. ……………………………………………………………………………………… Chemotherapy The overall impact of chemotherapy on cancer survival can be difficult to estimate, since improved cancer screening, prevention (e.g. anti-smoking campaigns), and detection all influence statistics on cancer incidence and mortality. In the United States, overall cancer incidence rates were stable from 1995 through 1999, while cancer death rates decreased steadily from 1993 through 1999.[1] Again, this likely reflects the combined impact of improved screening, prevention, and treatment. Nonetheless, cancer remains a major cause of illness and death, and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has proven unable to cure most cancers after they have metastasized. As is obvious from their origins, the above cancer chemotherapies are essentially poisons. Side-effects Thetreatment can be physically exhausting for the patient. Current chemotherapeutic techniques have a range of side effects mainly affecting the fast-dividing cells of the body. The most common side effects include (dependent on the agent):[citation needed] Pain, Erythema, Nausea, Diarrhea or constipation, Anemia,Malnutrition Hair loss, Memo relax…laa..red thin line…I don’t talk too much I type too much…so how can I shut down…. I only can off the lap top that’s means I sleep… ANSWER: they want to keep people ill… so they can get continues income. QUESTION: Medical Benefits of Ramadan ? Medical Benefits of Ramadan by Shahid Athar, M.D. Most Muslims do not fast because of medical benefits but because it has been ordained to them in the Quran. The medical benefits of fasting are as a result of fasting. Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical reasons including weight management, for rest of the digestive tract and for lowering lipids. There are many adverse effects of totalfasting as well as so-called crash diets. Islamic fasting is different from such diet plans because in Ramadan fasting, there is no malnutrition or inadequate calorie intake. The caloric intake of Muslims during Ramadan is at or slightly below the national requirement guidelines. In addition, the fasting in Ramadan is voluntarily taken and is not a prescribed imposition from the physician. Ramadan is a month of self-regulation and self-training, with the hope that this training will last beyond the end of Ramadan. If the lessons learned during Ramadan, whether in terms of dietary intake or righteousness, are carried on after Ramadan, it is beneficial for one’s entire life. Moreover, the type of food taken during Ramadan does not have any selective criteria of crash diets such as those which are protein only or fruit only type diets. Everything that is permissible is taken in moderate quantities. The only difference between Ramadan and total fasting is the timing of the food; duringRamadan, we basically miss lunch and take an early breakfast and do not eat until dusk. Abstinence from water during this period is not bad at all and in fact, it causes concentration of all fluids within the body, producing slight dehydration. The body has its own water conservation mechanism; in fact, it has been shown that slight dehydration and water conservation, at least in plant life, improve their longevity. The physiological effect of fasting includes lower of blood sugar, lowering of cholesterol and lowering of the systolic blood pressure. In fact, Ramadan fasting would be an ideal recommendation for treatment of mild to moderate, stable, non-insulin diabetes, obesity and essential hypertension. In 1994 the first International Congress on “Health and Ramadan”, held in Casablanca, entered 50 research papers from all over the world, from Muslim and non-Muslim researchers who have done extensive studies on the medical ethics of fasting. While improvement in many medicalconditions was noted; however, in no way did fasting worsen any patients’ health or baseline medical condition. On the other hand, patients who are suffering from severe diseases, whether diabetes or coronary artery disease, kidney stones, etc., are exempt from fasting and should not try to fast. There are psychological effects of fasting as well. There is a peace and tranquility for those who fast during the month of Ramadan. Personal hostility is at a minimum, and the crime rate decreases. Muslims take advice from the Prophet who said, “If one slanders you or aggresses against you, say I am fasting.’” This psychological improvement could be related to better stabilization of blood glucose during fasting as hypoglycemia after eating, aggravates behavior changes. There is a beneficial effect of extra prayer at night. This not only helps with better utilization of food but also helps in output. There are 10 extra calories output for each rikat of the prayer. Again, we do not do prayersfor exercise, but a mild movement of the joints with extra calorie utilization is a better form of exercise. Similarly, recitation of the Quran not only produces a tranquility of heart and mind, but improves the memory. Therefore, I encourage my Muslim patients to fast in the month of Ramadan, but they must do it under medical supervision. Healthy adult Muslims should not fear becoming weak by fasting, but instead it should improve their health and stamina. ANSWER: I am not Muslim but I do follow your writings and thank you for posting here. You are very informative. Some might grumble about your posts because it’d be a stretch to call them questions but I do believe (and hope) most would agree that it’s all ok. Best wishes to you. QUESTION: Medical Benefits of Ramadan ? Medical Benefits of Ramadan by Shahid Athar, M.D. Most Muslims do not fast because of medical benefits but because it has been ordained to them in the Quran. The medical benefits of fasting are as a result of fasting.Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical reasons including weight management, for rest of the digestive tract and for lowering lipids. There are many adverse effects of total fasting as well as so-called crash diets. Islamic fasting is different from such diet plans because in Ramadan fasting, there is no malnutrition or inadequate calorie intake. The caloric intake of Muslims during Ramadan is at or slightly below the national requirement guidelines. In addition, the fasting in Ramadan is voluntarily taken and is not a prescribed imposition from the physician. Ramadan is a month of self-regulation and self-training, with the hope that this training will last beyond the end of Ramadan. If the lessons learned during Ramadan, whether in terms of dietary intake or righteousness, are carried on after Ramadan, it is beneficial for one’s entire life. Moreover, the type of food taken during Ramadan does not have any selective criteria of crash diets such as those which areprotein only or fruit only type diets. Everything that is permissible is taken in moderate quantities. The only difference between Ramadan and total fasting is the timing of the food; during Ramadan, we basically miss lunch and take an early breakfast and do not eat until dusk. Abstinence from water during this period is not bad at all and in fact, it causes concentration of all fluids within the body, producing slight dehydration. The body has its own water conservation mechanism; in fact, it has been shown that slight dehydration and water conservation, at least in plant life, improve their longevity. The physiological effect of fasting includes lower of blood sugar, lowering of cholesterol and lowering of the systolic blood pressure. In fact, Ramadan fasting would be an ideal recommendation for treatment of mild to moderate, stable, non-insulin diabetes, obesity and essential hypertension. In 1994 the first International Congress on “Health and Ramadan”, held in Casablanca, entered50 research papers from all over the world, from Muslim and non-Muslim researchers who have done extensive studies on the medical ethics of fasting. While improvement in many medical conditions was noted; however, in no way did fasting worsen any patients’ health or baseline medical condition. On the other hand, patients who are suffering from severe diseases, whether diabetes or coronary artery disease, kidney stones, etc., are exempt from fasting and should not try to fast. There are psychological effects of fasting as well. There is a peace and tranquility for those who fast during the month of Ramadan. Personal hostility is at a minimum, and the crime rate decreases. Muslims take advice from the Prophet who said, “If one slanders you or aggresses against you, say I am fasting.’” This psychological improvement could be related to better stabilization of blood glucose during fasting as hypoglycemia after eating, aggravates behavior changes. There is a beneficial effect of extraprayer at night. This not only helps with better utilization of food but also helps in output. There are 10 extra calories output for each rikat of the prayer. Again, we do not do prayers for exercise, but a mild movement of the joints with extra calorie utilization is a better form of exercise. Similarly, recitation of the Quran not only produces a tranquility of heart and mind, but improves the memory. Therefore, I encourage my Muslim patients to fast in the month of Ramadan, but they must do it under medical supervision. Healthy adult Muslims should not fear becoming weak by fasting, but instead it should improve their health and stamina. ANSWER: Studies conducted on Ramadan-type fasting (RTF) have shown that fasting affects human biochemistry. Such fasting results in an increase in serum lipids and uric acid, though the latter has no adverse health effects. Long term effects, such as an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in LDL cholesterol, have been observed with Ramadanfasting. A decrease in blood glucose, actate and pyruvate, has also been observed, possibly indicating alterations in metabolic activities. Basal metabolism also slows down, and fat is used more efficiently during such fasting. During fasting, the liver responds with adaptive changes in metabolic activities. The increased activities of enzymes involved in the degradation as well as the production of glucose suggest that RTF enhances nutrition and energy metabolism. There is no conclusive evidence whether the weight of an individual is affected positively or negatively by Ramadan style fasting.